Eindexamen engels vmbo gl/tl 2003, tijdvak 1

“I was bulimic but nobody knew” Jonathan Llewelyn, now 22, battled with bulimia for over two years “I always thought I was a bit overweight, but I I was making myself sick suppose my obsession with food began when I started weight started to drop off and my health began to suffer. going out with Katy. I was nearly 18 at the time and the I felt exhausted. Still no one guessed what was relationship only lasted a month, but it gave me a happening – I guess bulimia was the last thing my massive ego boost. Katy was gorgeous, and the fact that mates would have suspected. she fancied me made me want to make the most of what By the time summer arrived my body couldn’t take it I’d got. I knew that meant watching my weight. any more. At work one day I just passed out cold. First, I asked Mum to buy stuff like low-fat spread I came round in hospital. instead of butter and skimmed milk instead of full fat. “Are you eating properly?” a doctor asked, poking at Then I started avoiding ‘bad’ foods like chips and my stomach. “You appear to be quite malnourished.” chocolate altogether. I soon started to get 3 it. I was Suddenly I decided to 8 . checking the fat and calorie content in everything I ate. “I’ve… I’ve been making myself sick,” I stuttered, That Christmas, I got a holiday job working in a fast tears pouring down my face. “But please don’t tell food restaurant. This girl called Sarah worked there too; anyone.” she had an amazing personality and incredible figure, so I felt so ashamed. I was quite happy when she agreed to go out with me. “OK,” he promised. “But you have to understand The thing was, going out with someone so perfect that if you carry on, you won’t just pass out, you’ll die . made me want to be perfect too, which made me even Your body’s got nothing to work on, Jonathan.” more determined to 4 . Soon, calorie counting I was 9 . I knew I’d lost weight but I hadn’t wasn’t enough… thought bulimia could be so dangerous. The following February, I was back working in the “You need to talk to someone about this,” said the restaurant with Sarah again. That’s when it happened. doctor as he left. “Someone close.” I was at work, surrounded by the kind of food I’d been I knew he was right and after a few moments alone I avoiding for ages, and I just gave in. I didn’t eat loads decided Sarah was the best person to open up to. She – I think I just had a burger and chips – but afterwards, suggested: “Look, my aunt’s a counsellor, why don’t I felt awful, so bloated… I guess my stomach just you talk to her about it?” wasn’t used to 5 meals. I went the next day and it was really a good move. Then it came to me; if I could get rid of the food, then She was so understanding and talking about it really I’d feel fine. I’d heard about bulimia, but I didn’t really helped. apply it to what I was doing. Making myself sick just Since then, I’ve made tons of progress; in fact, seemed like the perfect solution, 6 I would sneak I don’t make myself sick at all any more. off to the toilet and put my fingers down my throat. I know I’ve still got problems but my self-confidence After that, I started making myself sick at home, too. is 10 and I’m learning to love myself for who I am. I’d get in from work, eat whatever Mum had made me, I think a lot more boys worry about their weight than then walk to the fields behind our house and throw it girls realise. You may not know a boy who’s got an back up, 7 afterwards, so mum wouldn’t smell the eating disorder but they are really out there – I should sick on my breath. It was easy. know.” ‘Sugar’

Sheriff doles out 1 THE by mornings Tom Phoenix Rhodes are icy in the desert scrubland outside Phoenix, and Christopher Gingerich’s hands shake with cold as he eats a meagre breakfast in his tent.A single overhead heater barely penetrates the cold air,while thin prison clothes offer little warmth for Gingerich, 16, and his fellow teenagers as they huddle together eating a slop of powdered eggs. 2 Dressed in black and white stripes and pink undergarments they look almost comical. But there is no laughter from the Tough going:Arpaio presides over America's only female chain gang.Other elements of his group of solitary campers. Last harsh regime include bans on coffee and cigarettes. month they became the first juveniles in America forced into that they will be treated no 13 a tented jail. Soon they could differently than adults.’ become the first to form a chain 8 Arpaio’s methods are legen- gang. dary. He already runs the only 3 ‘The cold nights are just the female chain gang in the country. start,’ said Gingerich, after his The introduction of pink under- dawn ritual of exercise followed wear was another means to by a freezing shower.‘There’s no embarrass the young inmates. tolerance in here. You make one 9 Coffee and cigarettes, the sta- 14 mistake and they lock you up 23 ples of almost every American hours a day. Then it’s the chain and British jail, are banned. gang.’ Other luxuries and entertainment 4 The crimes committed by the are equally scarce. Donald Duck young prisoners range from at- cartoons, Lassie films and a tempted murder to burglary and weather channel are broadcast from rape to sexual assault. But on a single television set. most would say their biggest 10 The only concession to age is 15 mistake was to commit a crime in a series of portable buildings in the jurisdiction of Joe Arpaio, a which the young prisoners spend man who is known to all as the at least four hours each day. meanest sheriff in America. Known as Hard Knocks High, 5 He has justifiably earned the these cabins offer education to title. Arpaio, 66, who runs the high school standard. The sheriff third largest sheriff’s office in the also provides computers and country, says he operates on a desks. simple philosophy: “Nobody 11 Outside there are no such should live better in prison than frills. The tents are surrounded they do outside.” by 12ft high fences topped with 6 His tent cities were set up in barbed wire. German shepherd 1993 to save money and relieve dogs equipped with collar came- the crowded jails. First there ras patrol the area 24 hours a day were 1,200 men. Then came 200 to ensure that nobody leaves his women, and now the first batch tent without authorisation.Arpaio of juveniles in what Arpaio calls even proudly assures visitors that the ‘pups’ tents’. he spends more each day on dog 7 ‘I could say that what I do is meat than he does on prison food. all about saving taxpayers’ 12 A neon vacancy sign blinks all money,’ he said.‘But this is about night above the tents, another punishment, and I want juveniles icon of Arpaio’s culture of humil- who commit crimes to realise iation.

Moon . rises again after almost total 1 Two snapshots. The years ago in Africa, the moment on a sunlit morning in Mozambique when a young Englishman, the leader of a group detecting land 5 mines, is blown up as he walks down a lane that 40 cope with the greatest of the factors that might has been ‘cleared’. 2 The second is set in the near future, a week from today in a park in south London. This time the noise that shatters the stillness is the gun 10 sending 30,000 runners on their way in the Flora 45 is giving up and I just had to fight it.’ London Marathon. 6 3 Chris Moon narrowly survived the first and will take part in the second. He is a remarkable man who, in a literal sense, comes as close as possible to 15 being a sporting hero, fulfilling the classical 50 in England waiting for his artificial leg that, after requirement: achievement based on superhuman effort. The mine blew off his lower right leg and damaged his hand so badly that he lost that too. But less than a year after leaving hospital in the 20 summer of 1995 he had run his first marathon. 55 medical view that he was being overambitious. Last year he became the first leg amputee to complete the 140-mile Great Sahara Run, which is regarded as the toughest foot-race on earth. 4 The explosion in March 1995 nearly killed 7 25 him and redirected his life. He says he accepts 60 Team Flora who aim to raise £1.25 million for the total responsibility for the accident: ‘I chose to be there, but the people who live in mined areas have no choice. Also, it doesn’t matter whether there was a de-miner who made an error – and I 30 genuinely don’t think there was – because if that 65 tragedy into something positive. It’s all very well was the case, it was back down to me because I was the boss. 5 ‘When it happened I heard this really loud bang and the next thing I knew I was lying on the 8 35 ground. At first I felt completely normal because ‘ The Observer ’